Information about some of these locations is difficult to find. During a stroll and rummage around the academic bookshops of Beograd in September 2003, we encountered a descriptive karstography of Fatničko Polje as published by the classic Serbian karstographer and author Jovan Cvijić in his book "Географија Краса" /"Geografija Krasa" / "Karst Geography", (1891).  Using his descriptions, we provide transcripts for the benefit of local interest, with extracts of the relevant information included in the English Language paragraphs below, where and when appropriate. (Please remember that the transcripted Cyrillic text by Cvijić uses the Serbian language from the 19th Century!!)

ЕСТАВЕЛА "MАЧКОВАЦ"

10.1.1.  LOCATION :
[GPS Identifiers :  not known.]

10.1.2.  DESCRIPTION :
[Awaiting information.]

10.1.3.  HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
•  Functionality :
[Awaiting information.]
 

ЕСТАВЕЛА "ВЕЛИКИ  НЕЖИР"

10.2.1.  LOCATION :
[GPS Identifiers :  not known.]
This very significant karst hydrological feature is an "estavelle-complex" located at the south-eastern part of the polje.

10.2.2.  DESCRIPTION :
Estavela "Veliki Nežir" is a crack at the surface about 1 metre wide, 4-5 metres long and orientated north-north-west / south-south-east. It is blocked with loose limestone rocks.
Jovan Cvijić / Јован Цвијић :  "Велики Нежир је пукотина на површини око 1м. широка, 4-5 м. дуга а у правцу слојева, дакле С.С.З. -  Ј.Ј.И. На ниже је све ужи и прелази у узан процеп, кроз који се на дну види вода. Уз топљење снегова и кише избацује ова еставела воду а са њом и песак до знатних висина, и од ње до Ријеке води јаруга. Кад престане притицање, Велики Нежир узме усисавати воду и за то је око њега нагомилано много шушња и крша."

10.2.3.  HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
•  Functionality :
    When the water pressure ceases and the water level recedes, "Veliki Nežir" sucks in water, leaving behind an accumulated pile of debris cut from the karst. This position of this estavelle-group on the edge of and higher
    than the polje-floor by just 2-3 metres indicates that its ponor functionality occurs before high water.
    For its "spring" mode of operation, we have no information.

ЕСТАВЕЛА  "MАЛИ  НЕЖИР"

10.3.1.  LOCATION :
[GPS Identifiers :  not known.]
This very significant karst hydrological feature is an "estavelle-complex" located at the south-eastern part of the polje.

10.3.2.  DESCRIPTION :
Estavela "Veliki Nežir", collectively, has 20 separate split openings in the karst rock. All openings are blocked with loose limestone rocks.
Jovan Cvijić / Јован Цвијић :  "Мали Нежир је групе од 20 пукотинастих отвора у кршним, разривеним стенама; сви су парчадима кречњака затрпани као неки од поменутих шкрапских понора.
Они рада потпуно као Велики Нежир и од њих такође води канал до Ријеке."

10.3.3.  HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
•  Functionality :
    It works in exactly the same way as Estavela "Veliki Nežir", with which it shares the same water channel or "struga" to the river. The position of this estavelle-group on the edge of and higher than the polje-floor by just 2-3 metres indicates that its ponor functionality occurs below high water level.
    About its "spring" mode of operation, we have no information.

ЕСТАВЕЛА "ПРИБАБИЋИ"

10.4.1.  LOCATION :
[GPS Identifiers :  43º 00' 46'' N : 018º 20' 49'' E. (5).]
This very significant karst hydrological feature is an "estavelle-complex" located at the north-eastern edge of the polje floor, below the village of Orahovica. The general elevation is 472m asl (1548 feet).

10.4.2.  DESCRIPTION :
The estavelle complex takes the form of many rock-filled, shallow depressions all of which are located in one area of several hectares in extent. The GPS Locational data above was recorded at the centre of the "Pribabići" Estavelle Group. The actual name "Pribabići " indicates a multiple rather than a single feature in an area "pribabić"  = near or by "Babić". Visually, during the dry season, the feature is poorly represented, as is indicated by the MPEG1. image below. We await images recording the feature in an active condition, which would also better identify all the individual mouths of the estavelle-complex which vent pressurized water.

10.4.3.  HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
•  Functionality :
This is another large capacity ascending "Vrelo" type of karst spring. Its hydrological performance is mentioned in various other Sections of the Fatničko Polje Webpages.

ЕСТАВЕЛА  "ЗЛА СТИJЕНА"

10.5.1.  LOCATION :
[GPS Identifiers :  not known.]

10.5.2.  DESCRIPTION :
[Awaiting information.]

10.5.3.  HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS :
•  Functionality :
[Awaiting information.]
It is more than likely that other estavelles remain to be located and identified. Our field observations with these estavelles continued in November 2005., at which time many more were found. These need to be researched as to their names.

[more to follow]